MIS facilitates the de- cision making process of an organisation by providing meaningful information about its business processes.
According to this approach, a system can be defined as a set of components that are interacting regularly or are interdependent, thus making a single unit.
The systems approach focuses on the following points: A system comprises units and sub-units. Each and every part of a system need to be thoroughly under- stood in order to analyse it.
A system always has boundaries to define its beginning and ending. Every system is developed to achieve a specific goal.
No system can exist in isolation. Contingency approach: This approach is also known as situation- al approach wherein an organisation determines problems by ana- S lysing its conditions and environment. According to this approach, there is no single set of rules that is applicable in solving all types IM of problems in organisations. Therefore, managers need to analyse every problem and various aspects associated with it, and define different ways to solve the problem.
Which approach of management was developed in ? Administrative management b. Bureaucratic management c. Scientific management d. Traditional management 7. According to which principle, work should be divided among individuals and groups according to their skills and knowledge?
Who presented 14 principles of management? Time and motion study is one of the important traits of bureaucratic management. Is the system approach a modern approach? Prepare a report on the advantages and limitations of the approaches followed in these organisations. Many scholars have contributed to the development of management.
Some of the major contributors are listed in Figure 1. Mayo IM Figure 1. He taught maths at Cambridge University from He is known as the father of computers. However, Charles N Babbage also had a significant contribution to the field of manage- ment. In his view, the human factor plays a significant role in the success of an organisation; therefore, employees should be associat- ed with the management in a manner that benefits both.
Apart from this, Charles Babbage also developed the concept of profit sharing and participative decision making. He introduced the use of science and maths in the field of manufacturing operations.
He advocated the use of division of labour to assign work in organisations. Moreover, he suggested that all management decisions must be based on accurate knowledge.
Babbage advocated the use of quantitative methods and industrial engineering techniques to improve manufacturing. TAYLOR Fredrick Winslow Taylor is well known for developing the concept of scientific management; therefore, is known as the father of scientific management.
Initially, he worked as an apprentice in in a small machine shop in Philadelphia, US. In , he joined Midvale Steel Works as a mechanist and went up to the position of chief engineer in After that, he joined Bethlehem Steel Works. Through these experiments, he developed the theory of scientific management also known as scientific school of thought that involves the application of scientific methods of study and analysis of various management problems.
He developed the principles of scientific management with an aim of improving the pro- ductivity at the manufacturing plant. You have already studied about scientific management in the previous section. Apart from this, Taylor was also known for his contributions in the following areas: Use of descriptive cost accounting Concept of mutual understanding between workers and manage- ment Provision of bonus to workers for making suggestions for improve- ment in productivity Invention of an analytical machine, also known as differential ma- chine.
Initially, he worked as a mechanical en- gineer in Pool and Hunt of Baltimore. After that, he worked alongside Fredrick W. Taylor at Midvale Steel and Bethlehem Steel till Later on, he became a management consultant in the engineer- M ing industry. He also promoted the concept of social responsibility of busi- N ness. His best contribution emerged in the form of Gantt charts, which are visual-diagrammatic tools used for creating production schedules. His main focus was on improving the efficiency of operations manage- ment in organisations.
He developed the concept of administrative management, wherein he formulated several management principles that could be applied to all types of organisations. You have already studied about the theory of administrative management in detail. Henri Fayol is also considered as the father of modern management. He also laid down best practices for managers, which are as follows: Managers must be able to complete work within a specified period of time Managers must organise both human and non-human resources in order to carry out tasks effectively.
Managers must take commands while selecting and assessing workers. Managers must ensure that all the activities are carried out as planned. According to him, investing in human resource is better than investing in other assets. He advocated that employees should be working because they are interested in it rather than being forced. He also propounded that there should be a harmonious relationship between managers and employees in order to improve the efficacy of production.
His philosophy and ideas are considered as a fore- runner to the development of behavioural approach of management. He also advocated that there should be well-defined regu- lations and authority in organisations. Weber perceived three types of administration, namely traditional, charismatic, and bureaucratic. In traditional organisations, managerial positions are handed down from M one generation to the other irrespective of intelligence, knowledge, and experience.
In charismatic organisations, management functions are not delegated and all the employees are considered to be the loyal N subjects of a leader. Mayo, also known as Elton Mayo , was an Aus- tralian psychologist. He is famous for his contribution in Hawthorne studies.
Hawthorne experi- ments were conducted at Western Electric Plant at Chicago. Mayo was involved in the project in and , and interviewed the workers involved in the experiments. Through these studies, Mayo concluded that workers become more productive if they receive attention from the management. The outcome of his findings in Hawthorne studies later gave way to the human relations movement.
The movement fo- cuses on the concept of job satisfaction, group norms, and leadership quality and their significance in the improvement of productivity. Who developed the concept of profit sharing and participative decision making? Max Weber b. Charles Babbage c. George E. Mayo d. Robert Owen Contribution of Henry Laurence Gantt: a. Task and bonus plan b. Scientific management c.
Programmable computer c. Human relations approach S In charismatic organisations, managerial positions are handed down from one generation to the other irrespective of IM intelligence, knowledge, and experience. There have been numerous developments in the field of management. Let us study about some of these developments in detail in the subsequent sections.
Due to contractual restrictions, we reserve the right not to supply certain territories. Description Contents Readership The focus of Management 5th edition is to establish the vital competencies of communication; planning and financial management; teamwork; strategic action; global awareness; and emotional intelligence as a necessity to the foundation of management practice.
Part 1: An overview of management. Students of Management or Business Management, and Human Resources at universities and universities of technology. Skip to main content. Start your free trial. Book description Offering streamlined coverage with an applied approach, Project Management in Practice, 5th Edition focuses on the essentials of project management.
Show and hide more. Authors: Jack R. Meredith, Scott M. Shafer, Samuel J. Get Books. The book describes how to manage and successfully deliver large, complex, and expensive systems that can be composed of millions of line of software code, being developed by numerous groups throughout the globe, that interface with many hardware items being developed by geographically dispersed companies, where the system also includes.
0コメント