Otherwise, if Path is specified, that specific binary will be used. If you do not specify a Path to the R installation, you must ensure that RStudio Server can load the module by specifying the location of the module shell initialization script for sh. Failure to do so will result in RStudio Server being unable to verify the version, which will cause it to be unavailable for use.
After switching, the specified version will be used for the duration of the current session see the section on Multiple R Sessions for more details on the lifetime of sessions. Newly created R sessions will continue to use whatever default R version has been configured for the user. This is in fact the behavior by default for RStudio projects however can be changed from the the General pane of the Global Options dialog.
If you want to prevent users from being able to change R versions entirely you can use the r-versions-multiple option:. You can also configure this on a per-user or per-group basis by specifying the r-versions-multiple option within User and Group Profiles. There are various ways to handle upgrades to new versions of R ranging from allowing each user to control exactly when they upgrade all the way to forcing everyone to upgrade all at once.
By combining the various options described above you can create a highly customized upgrade policy that reflects both your internal policies and the preferences of your users. The most conservative approach is to start with a default version of R and preserve that default for the lifetime of the server.
See the User Configurable Default Version and Switching Between Versions sections for details on how users can explicitly switch versions.
In this scenario you might use the Default Version Per User or Group feature to migrate a portion of new users immediately but preserve older versions for those who request it. Note that in this scenario R projects will still preserve their previous R version so long as users have enabled the option described in Preserving Versions for Projects.
The most aggressive approach is to force all users to upgrade to the new R version immediately this is essentially what happens in the open-source version of RStudio Server. You can specify a specific LAPACK library or a search for a generic library by the configuration option --with-lapack. If you do use --with-lapack , be aware of potential problems with bugs in the LAPACK sources or in the posted corrections to those sources. Other potential problems are incomplete versions of the libraries, seen several times in Linux distributions over the years.
Reporting problems where it is used unnecessarily will simply irritate the R helpers. As with all libraries, you need to ensure that they and R were compiled with compatible compilers and flags.
For example, this has meant that on Sun Sparc using the Oracle compilers the flag -dalign is needed if sunperf is to be used. This is fixed in the R 3. Probably the most important ones not covered elsewhere are defaults in brackets. You will want to use --disable-R-profiling if you are building a profiled executable of R e.
Flag --enable-R-shlib causes the make process to build R as a dynamic shared library, typically called libR. This can only be done if all the code including system libraries can be compiled into a dynamic library, and there may be a performance 74 penalty. So you probably only want this if you will be using an application which embeds R.
Note that C code in packages installed on an R system linked with --enable-R-shlib is linked against the dynamic library and so such packages cannot be used from an R system built in the default way. Also, because packages are linked against R they are on some OSes also linked against the dynamic libraries R itself is linked against, and this can lead to symbol conflicts.
For maximally effective use of valgrind , R should be compiled with valgrind instrumentation. Level 0 is the default and does not add anything. The system headers for valgrind can be requested by option --with-system-valgrind-headers : they will be used if present on Linux they may be in a separate package such as valgrind-devel. Note though that there is no guarantee that the code in R will be compatible with very old 75 or future valgrind headers.
If you need to re-configure R with different options you may need to run make clean or even make distclean before doing so. The configure script has other generic options added by autoconf and which are not supported for R: in particular building for one architecture on a different host is not possible.
Translation of messages is supported via GNU gettext unless disabled by the configure option --disable-nls. If you need or want to set certain configure variables to something other than their default, you can do that by either editing the file config.
If you are building in a directory different from the sources, there can be copies of config. There is also a general autoconf mechanism for config. These variables are precious , implying that they do not have to be exported to the environment, are kept in the cache even if not specified on the command line, checked for consistency between two configure runs provided that caching is used , and are kept during automatic reconfiguration as if having been passed as command line arguments, even if no cache is used.
See the variable output section of configure --help for a list of all these variables. If you find you need to alter configure variables, it is worth noting that some settings may be cached in the file config. Note that caching is turned off by default: use the command line option --config-cache or -C to enable caching. This is used both when configuring R to set the default, and when running R to override the default. It is also used to set the paper size when making PDF manuals.
If you have libraries and header files, e. In this case, use a different compiler or a front-end shell script which does the re-ordering. These flags can also be used to build a faster-running version of R. Tuning compilation to a specific CPU family e.
To compile R, you need a Fortran 90 compiler. The current default is to search for gfortran , g95 , xlf95 f95 , fort , ifort , ifc , efc , pgfortran , pgf95 lf95 , ftn , nagfor , xlf90 , f90 , pgf90 , pghpf , epcf Note that these are searched for by name, without checking the standard of Fortran they support.
The command and flags used should support fixed-form Fortran with extension. The search mechanism can be changed using the configure variable FC which specifies the command that runs the Fortran compiler. If your Fortran compiler is in a non-standard location, you should set the environment variable PATH accordingly before running configure , or use the configure variable FC to specify its full path. You must set whatever compilation flags if any are needed to ensure that Fortran integer is equivalent to a C int pointer and Fortran double precision is equivalent to a C double pointer.
This is checked during the configuration process. A wide range of flags can be set in the file config. We have already mentioned. Since R as a shared library has about symbols, if in doubt use the larger version. These are for options which are always required, for example to force IEC compliance. There are several files that are part of the R sources but can be re-generated from their own sources by configuring with option --enable-maintainer-mode and then running make in the build directory.
This requires other tools to be installed, discussed in the rest of this section. File configure is created from configure. There is a formal version requirement on autoconf of 2. It is known that earlier versions of bison generate code which reads and in some cases writes outside array bounds: bison 2. The ultimate sources for package compiler are in its noweb directory.
Some Linux distributions include this command in package noweb. This section provides some notes on building R on different Unix-alike platforms. These notes are based on tests run on one or two systems in each case with particular sets of compilers and support libraries.
Success in building R depends on the proper installation and functioning of support software; your results may differ if you have other versions of compilers and support libraries. C macros to select particular platforms can be tricky to track down there is a fair amount of misinformation on the Web. As its name implies, it displays on a local or remote X server, and relies on the services provided by the X server.
When X11 was designed, most displays were around 75dpi, whereas today they are of the order of dpi or more. If you find that X11 is reporting 78 missing font sizes, especially larger ones, it is likely that you are not using scalable fonts and have not installed the dpi versions of the X11 fonts. More complicated problems can occur in non-Western-European locales, so if you are using one, the first thing to check is that things work in the C locale. The likely issues are a failure to find any fonts or glyphs being rendered incorrectly often as a pair of ASCII characters.
X11 works by being asked for a font specification and coming up with its idea of a close match. For text as distinct from the symbols used by plotmath , the specification is the first element of the option "X11fonts" which defaults to.
If you are using a single-byte encoding, for example ISO in Eastern Europe or KOI8-R in Russian, use xlsfonts to find an appropriate family of fonts in your encoding the last field in the listing. Multi-byte encodings most commonly UTF-8 are even more complicated. In such locales fontsets are used, made up of fonts encoded in other encodings.
If not, you may have to get hold of a suitable locale entry for X On some systems scalable fonts are available covering a wide range of glyphs. Another is Type 1 fonts: the URW set of Type 1 fonts provides standard typefaces such as Helvetica with a larger coverage of Unicode glyphs than the standard X11 bitmaps, including Cyrillic. These are generally not part of the default install, and the X server may need to be configured to use them.
They might be under the X11 fonts directory or elsewhere, for example,. Linux is the main development platform for R, so compilation from the sources is normally straightforward with the most common compilers and libraries.
Recall that some package management systems such as RPM and deb make a distinction between the user version of a package and the developer version. You should expect to see in the configure summary. When R has been installed from a binary distribution there are sometimes problems with missing components such as the Fortran compiler. It is also possible to increase the optimization levels to -O3 : however for many versions of the compilers this has caused problems in at least one CRAN package.
It may also be necessary to set the pkg-config path, e. Note that bit glibc before version 2. NB: this affects more than floating-point operations. For some OSes and versions of gcc it might be necessary to add -mstackrealign. For the latter, if the Fortran compiler is GNU gfortran or possibly g77 the flags. For example Fedora adds. These take very similar options to the corresponding GCC compilers.
This has to be used in conjunction with a Fortran compiler: the configure code will remove -lgcc from FLIBS , which is needed for some versions of gfortran. Recent versions have optional when built OpenMP support.
This needs something like. Note that flang accepts all the flags which clang does the driver is a modified version of clang , and flang is a symbolic link to clang , but does not implement all of them for Fortran compilation: it also accepts most PGI-style flags such as -mp for OpenMP. It currently produces few diagnostics even with -Wall -pedantic.
So it may be necessary to disable the latter by configuring R using --disable-openmp. Brian Ripley used version 9. Others have reported success with versions If you have a fresh OS installation, running e. If you have installed Xcode, this provides the command-line tools. The tools may need to be reinstalled when macOS is upgraded, as upgrading may partially or completely remove them. Be wary of pre-release versions of XQuartz, which may be offered as an update. Use --without-aqua if you want a standard Unix-alike build: apart from disabling quartz and the ability to use the build with R.
APP , it also changes the default location of the personal library see?. To build R itself from the sources with the compilers in the Command Line Tools or Xcode and gfortran from the installer mentioned above, use a file config.
To install packages using compiled code one needs the Command Line Tools or Xcode and appropriate compilers, e. Some packages have further requirements such as pkg-config. A subversion client, svn version 1. If you have a build 85 of cairo with dynamic libraries, you can add option --without-static-cairo to the configure call it probably would work anyway. That does not run on High Sierra. Support for Cairo is optional and can be added in several ways, all of which need pkg-config. Note that the list of components is liable to change: running pkg-config cairo --exists --print-errors should tell you if any others are required.
If you have XQuartz 2. This can be done by setting something like. Note that this uses rather old versions of the graphics software. If you use XQuartz or another build of cairo with dynamic libraries, you can add option --without-static-cairo to the configure call it may work without.
The best font experience of Cairo graphics will be to use it in combination with Pango which will match that supported on most other Unix-alikes. Use a file config. If this works, you should see the line. Long lines split for the manual, only. It is usually possible to build R with GCC built from the sources, from a gfortran distribution, from Homebrew, …. When last tested 87 it was not possible to use gcc to build the quartz device, so configure --without-aqua may be required.
The Accelerate library 88 can be used via the configuration option. Test nls. Parallel installation of packages will make use of the utility timeout if available.
There are two alternatives. If you use R. Note that this requires a matching 95 XQuartz installation. APP because of conflicts over the macOS menu, but for those only using command-line R this provides a much more intuitive interface to Tk for experienced Mac users.
For the latter, configure R with. Check if a JRE is installed by running java -version in a Terminal window: if Java is not installed 97 this should prompt you to install it. Builds of OpenJDK with a less restrictive licence may also be available, e. We recommend you install a version with long-term support, e. Note that these sources may use unusual designations for Intel macOS builds such as x86 bit and x Binary distributions of R are built against a specific version e.
Most distributions of Java 9 or later are of a full JDK. To select a build from Adoptium set e. Next: Building R. It is only needed if you want to build R for use with the R. APP console, and implies --enable-R-shlib to build R as a dynamic library. This option configures R to be built and installed as a framework called R.
The default installation path for R. Note that installation as a framework is non-standard especially to a non-standard location and Unix utilities may not support it e. Building the R. Before compiling R. APP does not need to be installed in any specific way. Building R. APP results in the R. APP bundle which appears as one R icon. To correctly set the architecture which will be auto-detected as aarch64 , use something like. No Fortran compiler has been released for this architecture although there are ports under development.
A release of XQuartz 2. Prerequisite readline can easily be built from source, although libedit emulation can also be used. If compiling from source, pcre2 at least up to version Then configure R using something like. As with Intel builds, the Accelerate library could be used via the configuration option. How these compilers identify themselves is slightly confusing: commands CC -V with Developer Studio We will only consider Developer Studio versions The Solaris versions of several of the tools needed to build R e.
Solaris 10 ships with bzlib version 1. Note from updating of OpenCSW has slowed or stopped. At least when compiling with Oracle compilers, Solaris uses far more stack space than other platforms. You will need GNU libiconv and readline : the Solaris version of iconv is not sufficiently powerful. The support for the C99 long double type on Sparc hardware uses quad-precision arithmetic, and this is usually slow because it is done by software emulation.
On such systems the configure option --disable-long-double can be used for faster but less accurate computations. The Solaris time-zone conversion services seem to be unreliable pre in Europe when daylight-savings time was first introduced : most often reporting in the non-existent DST variant.
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See our pro products in action. RStudio Desktop Install R. The function download. Support for method "libcurl" is optional on Windows: use capabilities "libcurl" to see if it is supported on your build. There is support for simultaneous downloads, so url and destfile can be character vectors of the same length greater than one but the method has to be specified explicitly and not via "auto". For methods "wget" and "curl" a system call is made to the tool given by method , and the respective program must be installed on your system and be in the search path for executables.
They will block all other activity on the R process until they complete: this may make a GUI unresponsive. It is used by available. The "wininet" method supports some redirections but not all. For method "libcurl" , messages will quote the endpoint of redirections. Most methods do not percent-encode special characters such as spaces in URLs see URLencode , but it seems the "wininet" method does.
The remaining details apply to the "internal" , "wininet" and "libcurl" methods only. The timeout for many parts of the transfer can be set by the option timeout which defaults to 60 seconds.
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